Trueblood is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Benjamin Franklin Trueblood (1847–1916), American pacifist
• D. Elton Trueblood (1900–1994), American Quaker theologian
• Guerdon Trueblood (1933–2021), Costa Rican-American screenwriter
• Jeremy Trueblood, American football player
• Kathryn Trueblood, American author
• Kenneth Nyitray Trueblood (1920–1998), American chemist
• Lyda Trueblood (1892–1958), American female suspected serial killer
• Mary Esther Trueblood (1872–1939) was an American mathematician and sociologist
• Paul Trueblood (1935–2012), American pianist
• Robert M. Trueblood, chairman of the Trueblood Committee which attempted to set out the objectives of financial accounting
• Ted Trueblood (1913-1982), American outdoor writer and conservationist
• Thomas Trueblood (1856–1951), American professor of elocution and oratory and the first coach of the University of Michigan golf and debate teams
• Valerie Trueblood, American writer
• Wilbur Trueblood (1874–1937), American architect
• Trueblood (band) American teen indie and alternative rock band