Michael Cavanagh or Cavanaugh may refer to:

• Michael Cavanaugh (actor), American television and film actor, notable for 24
• Michael Cavanagh (architect) (1860–1941), Australian architect
• Michael Cavanagh (judge) (1940–2025), American justice on the Michigan Supreme Court
• Michael Cavanaugh (musician), musician and actor, notable from musical Movin' Out
• Michael Cavanagh (drummer), Australian drummer for King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
• Michael J. Cavanagh, American business executive
• Mike Cavanaugh, American ice hockey coach and player